![]() The long-standing approach of the US in global Internet governance has been to reduce barriers to local market entry (fragmentation). The distinction between fragmentation and bifurcation is examined because the incentives behind these trends are not This makes the discourse more tangible and highlights how actions across different layers ranging from access to computer chips, to the domain name system, to censorship of social media are driven by similar underlying geopolitical concerns.įourth, the report examines Internet bifurcation in the context of the Chinese Digital Silk Road and the US Clean Network initiative. Third, the report provides a short overview of the Russian internet (“Runet”) as a case study in Internet fragmentation. It summarizes key literature and highlights the challenge of the diverse, evolving, and at times inconsistent understanding of fragmentation. Second, the report provides an overview of the Internet fragmentation and bifurcation discourse. This ensures the necessary background for an informed discussion on future changes of the structure of the Internet. The report aims to add value to the discussion in five ways:įirst, the report provides a concept-dense introduction to how the Internet works. The primary purpose of this report is to enable informed discussion and decision-making on the topic of Internet fragmentation and bifurcation. We also discuss the root causes and feasible countermeasures, and have made corresponding responsible disclosure.The political future of the Internet is often discussed in terms of three archetypes: 1) a single global Internet, 2) a bifurcated Internet, split into a Chinese-led and an US-led Internet, and 3) a fragmented Internet, split into many national segments. To demonstrate the severity, we further construct 4 classes of concrete attacks with a variety of practical implications such as privacy leakage, property theft, and even safety threat. Our results reveal that each of the 77 dongles exposes at least two types of these vulnerabilities, which indicates a widespread vulnerability exposure among wireless OBD-II dongles on the market today. With DongleScope, we have identified 5 different types of vulnerabilities, with 4 being newly discovered. To systematically perform the analysis, we design and implement an automated tool DongleScope that dynamically tests these dongles from all possible attack stages on a real automobile. ![]() ![]() In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive security analysis on all wireless OBD-II dongles available on Amazon in the US in February 2019, which were 77 in total. However, since these dongles are directly connected with in-vehicle networks, they may open a new over-the-air attack surface for vehicles. With the growing trend of the Internet of Things, a large number of wireless OBD-II dongles are developed, which can be simply plugged into vehicles to enable remote functions such as sophisticated vehicle control and status monitoring. ![]()
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